Restraint of Victim

United States Sentencing Commission · Effective November 1, 2026

If a victim was physically restrained in the course of the offense, increase by 2 levels.

Commentary

Application Notes:

1. “Physically restrained” is defined in the Commentary to §1B1.1 (Application Instructions).

2. Do not apply this adjustment where the offense guideline specifically incorporates this factor, or where the unlawful restraint of a victim is an element of the offense itself (e.g., this adjustment does not apply to offenses covered by §2A4.1 (Kidnapping, Abduction, Unlawful Restraint)).

Historical note

Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 1989 (amendments 249 and 250); November 1, 1991 (amendment 413); November 1, 2025 (amendment 836).

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