§ 2M3.1.
Gathering or Transmitting National Defense Information to Aid a Foreign Government
(a) Base Offense Level:
(1) 42, if top secret information was gathered or transmitted; or
(2) 37, otherwise.
Historical note
Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 2010 (amendment 746); November 1, 2013 (amendment 778); November 1, 2014 (amendment 789); November 1, 2025 (amendment 836).
Commentary
Statutory provisions
Statutory Provisions: 18 U.S.C. § 794; 42 U.S.C. §§ 2274(a), (b), 2275.
Application Notes:
1. “Top secret information” is information that, if disclosed, “reasonably could be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security.” Executive Order 13526 (50 U.S.C. § 3161 note).
2. The Commission has set the base offense level in this subpart on the assumption that the information at issue bears a significant relation to the nation’s security, and that the revelation will significantly and adversely affect security interests.
Background
Background: Offense level distinctions in this subpart are generally based on the classification of the information gathered or transmitted. This classification, in turn, reflects the importance of the information to the national security.